How to Conclude an Essay Effectively: Learn to Impress Instantly

 
To understand how to write a conclusion, remember the elements the latter is made of:

• the transition to the conclusion;
• the research results;
• the rationale for writing;
• the prospects of further research;
• the call for awareness.

Before you start writing a conclusion, check the variety of essay endings and pick the one you need!

How to Conclude an Essay Brilliantly: Check Some Great Examples!

 
Conclusion type
 

How to Conclude an Essay: Achieve an Incredibly Stunning Success

 
Actually, the conclusion depends much on the type of the essay. However, there are many common features of all essay conclusions. So why waste time – let’s see a sample of essay conclusion from real experts!
 
An Example of an Essay Conclusion
 
The transition
Given that people continue to pollute the atmosphere and the environment, consuming the goods that pose a threat to world safety,
 
The key results
The world will be most likely facing another threat of contamination in the next few decades. However, with the help of modern technologies, the danger can be avoided.
 
The rationale
Since modern politics of the economical world are aimed at gaining higher revenues rather than minimizing the effect of industry on Earth, the situation seems rather threatening.
 
The prospects
Therefore, people will be able to overcome these complex issues only with the help of a specific strategy. For instance, by developing environment-friendly vehicles, people will be able to save the planet.
 
The call for awareness
Therefore, to save the planet and the world’s population, people have to admit the problem and make sure that everyone knows concrete ways to sustain the environment. Humankind owes everything to nature, and it is time to pay the debt.
 
Once you know how to write conclusion elements, you can create papers that truly rock!
 

How to Conclude an Essay. Crossing the Finishing Line: Remember.

 
You’re almost there! To polish your new skills and create a perfect conclusion to essay writing, check these tips:

1. Make a smooth transition from the discussion of the results to the conclusion;
2. Summarize the results of the research and comment them;
3. Restate the thesis and mention the importance of the problem;
4. Outline prospects for further research and any solutions proposed;
5. Galvanize the audience into action! Make people take measures.

Writing conclusion paragraphs is fun and exciting when you know the secret of a perfect conclusion for essay papers. Follow the experts’ tips, and you’ll create a fantastic paper!

Common grammar mistakes: PUNCTUATION

 
Sentence Fragments
 
Wrong: All examples illustrating common grammatical errors.
Correct: All examples from this guide illustrate common grammatical errors.
Why? The first example is an incomplete sentence, because it lacks a predicate.
 
Run-On Sentences
 
Wrong: You should pay attention to this list of grammatical errors, they are common to most students.
Correct: You should pay attention to this list of grammatical errors, because they are common to most students.
 
Why? This compound sentence consists of two independent clauses that should be properly connected. The conjunction “because” can be used for connecting these two clauses. Alternatively, the clauses can be connected by a semicolon (;) or separated by a period (.).
 
Subject-Verb Agreement
 
Wrong: These grammatical errors is common.
Correct: These grammatical errors are common.
Why? Subject and predicate should be in the same person and number.
 
Faulty Parallelism
 
Wrong: I make more grammatical errors, than my sister’s papers contain.
Correct: I make more grammatical errors, than my sister does.
Why? You should use similar constructions to express similar ideas. In the example marked as “wrong”, the writer seems to hesitate and uses two different constructions.
 

Common grammar mistakes: WORD CHOICE

 
Which vs. That
 
“Which” is used to introduce qualifying clauses, and “that” is used to introduce restricting clauses. In other words, if you use “which”, it means that you offer one of the possible alternatives, but if you use “that”, it means that you offer the only possible variant (in your opinion).
E.g. correct: I don’t eat food that contains GMO. (The clause is restrictive.)
E.g. correct: You may look through the lists of GMO products, which are available on the web.
 

Fewer vs. Less
 
“Fewer” is used for countable objects, and “less” is used for uncountable nouns.
E.g. correct: I make fewer mistakes in my papers, than my friend does. (countable)
E.g. correct: I decided to eat less meat. (uncountable)
 
Lay vs. Lie
 
“Lay” is a transitive verb that requires a direct object, and “lie” is an intransitive verb that does not require an object. The past tense for “lay” is “laid”, and the past tense for “lie” is “lay”.
E.g. correct: I always lay the book on the desk. (“book” is a direct object.)
E.g. correct: The border lies between the mountains. (There is no object in this sentence.)
 
Affect vs. Effect
 
“Affect” is a verb, and “effect” is a noun.
E.g. correct: The global warming affects the climate.
E.g. correct: The effects of global warming are hazardous.
 

Common grammar mistakes: DOUBLE NEGATION

 
In modern English, double negation is a common grammar mistake. Save your energy and remember that one negation is enough for an English sentence.
E.g. correct: I do not see anybody in the room.
 

Common grammar mistakes: TENSES

 
Past Tenses
 
Wrong: I gone to the theater.
Correct: I went to the theater.
Why? The second form of the verb is used for Past Indefinite.
 
Sequence of Tenses
 
Wrong: When we came to see her, she is playing the piano.
Correct: When we came to see her, she was playing the piano.
Why? The two clauses of one sentence should refer to the same tense.
 

Common spelling mistakes: bonus

 
Here is a list of common misspells, which are left unnoticed by spell checkers, because they are grammatically correct, but frequently confused:

So, you may want to check your papers for these common English grammar mistakes and misspells. With this detailed checklist and clear and concise explanations, you will see that improving your grammar is possible.

Writing exercises: literature

1. Imagine what will happen if two characters from different books meet and have a conflict of interests (E.g. Harry Potter meets Jane Eyre, Hamlet meets Sherlock Holmes, or your variant.)
2. Choose a story and try to change its logical structure by telling the final episode first and then telling the rest of the plot.
3. Try to create a fictional character (a hero or an antihero) and list at least 15 of his/her characteristics.
4. Write a diary of your favorite (least favorite) fictional character.
5. Write a story about an event in the world of animals.

Writing exercises: interesting techniques

6. Writer’s tennis. Take turns with somebody when writing paragraphs of one story. For example, you might write the introduction, and your friend can write the first paragraph of a story.
7. Snowball. Write a story with your friends, taking turns. You may write one sentence or even one word at a time.
8. Avoidance. Try to write a story, not using certain words or letters in it. For example, write a story not using the words “there” and “way” or not using words that contain the letter “e”.
9. Restriction. Choose certain restrictions and write a story, complying with them. For instance, you could write a story of 500 words sharp, a story consisting of 10 sentences, or any other variants.
10. Lottery. Open a dictionary, choose a random word and write a story using this word minimum 5 times.

Writing exercises: timer games

11. Set on a timer and write a short story with an unexpected ending, finishing it in 15 minutes.
12. Choose one inanimate object in the room and write about it for ten minutes, without actually naming it.
13. For 10 minutes, try to write as many sentences, starting with the word “there”, as you can.
14. For 15 minutes, try to write convincing arguments on why a person should learn Chinese.
15. For 15 minutes, try to write as many sentences ending with the word “silent”, as you can (try to use different sentence structures).

Writing exercises: switch on your imagination

16. Write an advertisement for your copy book.
17. Use a line from your favorite song as the title for a short story (make certain you choose a decent song).
18. Write the autobiography of a cactus.
19. Write a dialogue between a computer mouse and a keyboard, arguing which of them is more important.
20. Prepare a script for a movie (melodrama, comedy, thriller etc.)

Writing exercises: journalism

21. Write a news report about one college event.
22. Pretend you are a sports commentator and describe the situation in the classroom during a lesson.
23. Write an interview with one of your classmates as if he/she were a celebrity.
24. Write an investigation of one college case, unearth facts and explain the consequences (E.g. you may investigate why one student has got a bad mark for an essay.)
25. Try to write an episode from a talk show discussing students’ and teachers’ position on criteria of marking papers.

As you see, there are plenty of writing exercises you could try. Just choose any writing exercise from the list above and develop your writing skills. These exercises for writing will not bore you at all. You may use these writing prompts and writing strategies alone or with your friends if you want to improve your writing style or just for fun.

Famous Persuasive Speeches: The World of Politics

 
Political leaders always try to convince the audience of something. Persuasive speeches of famous politicians can show you how to interact with the audience. To better appreciate them, you should both read and listen to them if audio records are available. Here are some great examples:

1. Their Finest Hour, by Winston Churchill;
2. Lincoln’s First Inaugural;
3. Quit India, by Mahatma Gandhi;
4. Four Freedoms Speech, by Franklin Roosevelt;
5. Margaret Thatcher’s Sermon on the Mound;
6. Conciliation with America, by Edmund Burke;
7. A More Perfect Union, by Barack Obama;
8. Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech;
9. No Easy Walk to Freedom, by Nelson Mandela;
10. Inauguration address, by John Kennedy;
11. A House Divided, by Abraham Lincoln;
12. The Light on the Hill, by Ben Chifley;
13. Donald Regan’s speech, Tear Down That Wall;
14. Holocaust Speech, by Pope John Paul II;
15. Stanley Baldwin’s Disarmament Speech.

Famous Persuasive Speeches: Society and Its Conflicts

 
Excellent persuasive speeches were made by writers, political activists, abolitionists, and other people who tried to attract people’s attention to social problems. Please, take a look at some excellent speeches which are surely worth your attention:

• I Have a Dream – a speech by Martin Luther King;
• Mother Theresa’s Nobel Lecture;
• Votes for Women – a speech by Mark Twain;
• Robert Kennedy’s speech called On the Mindless Menace of Violence;
• Strike against War, by Helen Keller;
• What is Patriotism, by Emma Goldman;
• Richard Nixon’s Resignation Speech;
• Gloria Steinem’s Address to the Women of America
• The Apology of Socrates;
• Responding to Landmines – a speech by Princess Diana.

Famous Persuasive Speeches: How to Use Them

 
Overall, a student can learn a great deal from a famous persuasive speech. While reading or listening to them, you should pay attention to such things as:

1. The use of rhetoric devices by the speakers;
2. Types of arguments that the speakers advance;
3. The use of intonation as a method of emphasizing key ideas of the text;

So, if you want to learn from excellent examples, you should certainly consider the speeches mentioned in this article. They can be of great help to you.

Art Articles Definition: Remember the Necessary Paper Elements!

 
… Let’s define what an article about art is.
 
As a matter of fact, the definition is really simple:
 
An art article is a paper on a certain issue concerning art, artworks or artists.
 
Just as simple as that! And this is what art articles for students and other folks should discuss:

1. The epoch;
2. The genre;
3. The key features of the epoch;
4. The peculiarities of the issue in question;
5. The critics’ opinion;
6. Your impressions.

And now, take a look at the variety of art articles!
 

Art Articles Classification: Learn about Several Different Types

 
Here are some concrete examples of what you can discuss in your articles:
 

 
Remember – these are only cool suggestions for your paper topic. . Use your imagination – and you’ll come up with your own brilliant ideas!
 

Art Articles Recommendations: Create the Best Papers Possible!

 
Whenever dealing with all sorts of articles about art, keep in mind these simple pieces of advice – and you’ll always remain on top!

1. Choose the art object you want to write about from those found in art galleries;
2. Describe the color palette of the artwork;
3. Think of what the shapes of the artwork are supposed to mean;
4. Depict the specifics of the lines used;
5. Explain the meaning of the texture used;
6. Comment on the manner of the artist;
7. Dwell on the specifics of the artist’s style;
8. Mention the influences that inspired the artist;
9. Recall the history of the artwork;
10. Explain what meaning the artwork is supposed to have.

Well, now you know almost everything to write an article on art… and here the final piece of advice comes.
 

Art Articles DO’s and DON’Ts: Choose Only the Right Instructions

 
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome the ultimate collection of DOs and DON’Ts for art related articles!
 
DO:

• Describe your impressions and comment on the different elements of the artwork;
• Use professional terms and notions while depicting a certain element of the artwork;
• Provide a solid theoretical framework for your article.

DON’T

• State that you dislike the picture without offering actual grounds for your antipathy;
• Use jargon and abusive terms when evaluating the picture, or colloquial expressions;
• Neglect the theory and rely solely on your impressions about the given artwork.

With these tips, you’ll create fantastic articles on art and get an excellent grade. So what are you waiting for? Get down to writing!

Informative speech ideas: people

 
One of the best known examples of informative speech topics are lives and achievements of famous people. Here are five fresh ideas for your informative speeches:

1. Michael Jackson as the King of Pop and most successful entertainer according to Guinness World Records.
2. Leonardo da Vinci‘s abundant talents and greatest inventions.
3. Personal life of Marylin Monroe as depicted in the film My Week with Marylin.
4. Einstein as a genius and an underachieving student failing exams.
5. Angelina Jolie as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations.

Informative speech ideas: animals

 
Animal life is full of unsolved riddles which can become perfect informative presentation ideas:

6. Is faithfulness of swans a myth or a reality? Can birds divorce?
7. Pigeons are not only symbols of peace, but also carriers of infections that are dangerous for people and animals.
8. Are dolphins intelligent enough to solve problems and learn from prior experience?
9. Why do Spanish matadors use red capes in bullfighting? Does the color red really make bulls angry?
10. Meowing as an attempt of cats to communicate with people.

Informative speech ideas: events

 
Choose significant historical events and use them as your informative speech topics. Make certain not to try to persuade your audience that the events were good or bad. Instead, shed light on positive and negative aspects of each event:

11. The invention of the Internet – its positive and negative impact on humanity.
12. First landing on the Moon.
13. The Civil War in the United States.
14. The invention of the atomic bomb.
15. The No Child Left Behind Act and its implications.

Informative speech ideas: processes

16. Symptoms of sleep deprivation and possible ways to calculate sleep debt and pay it back.
17. How to understand the body language of cats?
18. Brain training techniques.
19. Stress coping strategies.
20. How to build bridges, not walls, and connect with others.

Informative speech ideas: concepts

 
You may want to clarify some interesting concepts. Avoid too controversial problems, such as abortion, marijuana legalization or capital punishment. On one hand, it is almost impossible to provide an unbiased presentation of these topics. On the other hand, your audience must be already tired of these topics. Choose something fresh:

21. Unschooling as an alternative to mainstream schools
22. Freud’s explanation of slips of the tongue as the result of unconscious processes
23. ”God is dead” as a theory offered by Nietzsche.
24. The butterfly effect coined by Edward Lorenz.
25. The main theories of apocalypse coming in 2012.

As you see, any of these informative speech topic ideas can become the perfect starter for your presentation. Using this list, you will not need to waste time on formulating an interesting idea. Instead, spend this time on creating good visual aids and organizing your speech.

How to write a literature review and why do it?

 
What is a literature review? A literature review is an overview of significant scholarly sources relevant to a particular research question. A literature review includes a description, summary and critical evaluation of each source. It can be an important chapter of your research paper or a self-contained assignment. A literature review discusses significant literature published in a particular field and will help you place your research paper in the context of existing literature.
 

How to write a literature review: what sources to include?

 
The main criteria for selecting sources for your literature reviews are:

• relevance;
• reliability;
• significance.

The main types of sources you may want to include in a literature review are:

1. journal articles;
2. newspapers;
3. books;
4. conference proceedings;
5. government or business reports;
6. theses and dissertations;
7. Internet (be careful, use only the most reliable sources).

How to write a literature review: how many sources to include?

 
When writing a literature review, you will surely wonder how many sources is enough. Unless your instructor provides specific requirements, check this table:
 

How to write a literature review? Main steps

 
These are the main steps you should follow to write a winning review of literature:

1. Define the research problem.
2. Check the format requirements (there are different requirements for different citation styles).
3. Choose keywords if you are going to use Internet resources or the college e-library. Use synonyms to improve your search results.
4. Find the literature.
5. Evaluate each source; include only the most relevant, reliable and significant sources into your review.
6. Analyze and interpret data.
7. Write a review.

How to write a literature review: components

 
When writing a literature review, you should include the following components:

• discussion of the problem (theory, phenomenon) under analysis;
• objectives of the review;
• different categories of sources (those supporting contradicting positions and offering alternative solutions);
• links between different sources and an explanation of each work;
• conclusions.

How to write a literature review? Learn from the mistakes of others

 
Now you understand how to write a winning literature review. Follow these simple steps, learn from mistakes of others and enjoy excellent grades.

Research Proposal: What? Why? How?

 
A research proposal is arguably one of the most important parts of your research project. It answers these three questions:

• What is the problem you are going to research?
• Why do you want to research this problem?
• How are you going to research it?

Research Proposal: A Crucial Step or Formality?

Students, who consider a research proposal as a mere formality, make a terrible mistake. On one hand, they overlook their chance to break into research early and do not choose a topic matching their interests. On the other hand, a student who takes the first topic coming into his/her head and uses it to write a research proposal will have serious difficulties when explaining why that random topic is significant and should be investigated. The first idea is not always the best one.
 
Try to learn from the mistakes of others and bear in mind one simple truth: you are going to write a research paper based on your research proposal. Do not play a dirty trick on yourself when writing research proposals and choose carefully your topic!

Research Proposal: Sample Outline

Having understood the importance of research proposals, you might ask how to write a research proposal. Here is an example of a research proposal outline and tips for making its parts effective:

1. Introduction
   • Make the readers interested in your topic.
   • Place the research problem within its broader context.
   • Discuss theories and concepts that you will use in your research.
2. Statement of the problem
   • Clearly define the problem you are going to research.
   • Use concrete language to present the problem to someone who is rather experienced in your field, but knows little about this particular problem.
3. Purpose of research
   • Briefly define the purpose of your study.
   • Complete the sentence “the purpose of this study is…” and include it into your paper. It will help you avoid confusions.
4. Rationale
   • Briefly explain why this study should be conducted nowadays.
   • What is the practical or theoretical value of this study?
5. Literature review
   • Make it brief and to the point, do not include as many sources as you will use in your report.
   • Divide the results of other studies into several categories.
   • Find a gap in literature and discuss how your study will be able to narrow it.

6. Hypotheses
   • Find two variables and hypothesize what the relation between them might be.
   • Use a declarative sentence for your hypothesis.
     E.g. There is a direct relationship between the perceived level of anonymity and the quality of an interview.
7. Methodology
   • Discuss sampling – who are the participants of your study? How many of them? Why?
   • What instruments and tools are you going to use to collect data?
   • How are you going to analyze and interpret research findings?
8. Limitations of the study
   • Be realistic and assess potential limitations, meaning any aspects that can make your findings biased (cultural biases, language fluency, access to people and documents etc.)
   • Mention what you have done to minimize the impact of limitations.
9. References
   • Include all the sources you used in the literature review or other parts of your research proposal.
   • Check and follow the requirements of one particular citation style.
   • You may also include the so-called bibliography (a list of sources you have not cited in your proposal for research, but have looked through)

So, this quick guide will help you write a winning research proposal and make it a good beginning of your research process.

Education in America: the Definition of the Peculiar Phenomenon.

“What is education?” is the question that would open a chart of top 100 most popular questions among students. Indeed, what is the whole thing about?
 
Well, it’s your time to find out that education is the means to pass the habits and aims from one generation to another.
 
Now you know how to handle your education in America essay like a real pro! Now let’s get down to some real business.

Education in America. Find out Its Essence and Peculiarities Now

When dealing with a college education in America or anything of the kind, keep in mind these details:

1. University is sometimes called college in the USA;
2. There are two-semester and four-quarter system of curriculum in the USA;
3. In the USA high schools, working students make nearly 24%;
4. Remedial courses are a must for the students who want to succeed;
5. High-education bubble is ready to burst: not everyone needs college/university experience.

Are you ready to pass to the next stage? Then let’s go!

Education in America: Classification and Colorful Descriptions.

There are several things you need to know about education systems in America. Let’s start from the very beginning.
 
Well, you’re three. And you go straight to kindergarten and nursery… to enter a university or high school:
USA Educational System
 

As you see now, the whole thing about the school education in America isn’t that complicated – all that it takes to understand the way America education works is to remember this simple plan.

Education in America: the Key Problems and Efficient Solutions.

When writing about education in America and other countries, you can also devote your paper to the current educational issues in the USA. Offer a unique solution for education problems in America!
 
The Problem
 

• American 12-graders rank #19 in the world
• American students score less than the African American and the Latin Americans
• 40% of the 17-year-old students do not have the necessary skills in mathematics
• 20% of teachers cannot prepare students for high school properly
• Since 1996, considerable discipline issues have been spotted.

The Probable Solution

1. Offer new methods of teaching to apply.
2. Suggest the means to compare the teaching methodologies and changing the current American one.
3. Think of:
   • New ways of teaching math;
   • Offer courses in math for students to train better.
   • Suggest a testing system for teachers;
   • Develop your own test.

Offer an efficient way to motivate students to behave properly.

Education in America vs. Education in Europe: Making Difference.

Here are some more tips! When creating a paper like that, you can depict the peculiarities of education in America compared to Europe. Just point out the main differences!

It seems that you don’t have to google anything like “education in America facts” anymore. With these tips, you will surely create a perfect paper!

Education in America: Remember These Important Pieces of Advice!

When dealing with the description of the existing educational system in the USA, mind the following tips for a splendid education in America essay:

1. Mention the subjects that most students take up;
2. Explain the difficulties that the ESL students face in the U. S. schools;
3. Offer the possible ways to improve the existing educational system;
4. Comment on the existing grading system and mention its positing and negative aspects.

Well, now you know what to do when you face another education in America topic! Now why don’t you write paper on the education in America?